International law and the ‘Crimean conundrum’: legal issues arising from the 2014 Russia/Ukraine crisis

Article 11 of the Italian Constitution and the war in Ukraine: The constant dialogue between Constitutional and International Law

1. Introduction Article 11 of the Italian Constitution (hereinafter ‘Article 11’) has always been at the core of an extensive and multifaceted doctrinal debate. This debate has evolved alongside a range of interpretive proposals put forward by both the political system and civil society, spanning the different historical phases since the establishment of the Republic...

The provision of belligerent materials in the Russia-Ukraine conflict: Beyond the law of neutrality?

1. Introduction One of the distinctive features of the Ukrainian-Russian armed conflict is the open provision of lethal war materials, and eventually intelligence,[1] to Ukraine. This support has been provided by around 30 States, including a large majority of the EU Member States, plus Albania, Australia, Canada, North Macedonia, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the USA,[2]...

The Crimean crisis and the Polish practice on non-recognition

For the purpose of the present paper, recognition is a unilateral act of a State confirming the legality of a certain, specific situation and accepting the consequences thereof. As recognition may concern different situations in international relations, the present text concentrates upon recognition of States and governments. Effects of recognition can be defined as: the...

L’agression et l’annexion de la Crimée par la Fédération de Russie: Quels enseignements au sujet du droit international?

1. Introduction Il faut saluer l’initiative de consacrer les Questions de droit international à la crise russo-ukrainienne qui soulève, comme le remarquent Maurizio Arcari et Marco Roscini dans leurs propos introductifs, des questions fondamentales quant à la manière dont les règles relatives à l’usage de la force et à la non reconnaissance s’y appliquent. Le...

The Russian annexation of the Crimea: questions relating to the use of force

1. Introduction According to the principle concerning the non-use of force in international relations, as elaborated in the United Nations General Assembly Res 2625 (XXV) (containing the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations), ‘The territory of a State shall...

The non-recognition of Russia’s annexation of Crimea: three different legal approaches and one unanswered question

1. Introduction Crimea’s referendum for self-determination and Russia’s ensuing annexation completed on 21 March with the signature by President Vladimir Putin of two ad-hoc federal laws (the Federal Constitutional Law On Admitting to the Russian Federation the Republic of Crimea and Establishing within the Russian Federation the New Constituent Entities of the Republic of Crimea...